Over 30 mutations of the B-RAF gene associated with human cancers have been identified,
the majority of which are located within the kinase domain. Here we show that of 22 B-RAF …

The second messenger hydrogen peroxide is required for optimal activation of numerous
signal transduction pathways, particularly those mediated by protein tyrosine kinases 1 , 2 , 3 , …

The tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) is a degenerate 34 amino acid sequence identified in a
wide variety of proteins, present in tandem arrays of 3–16 motifs, which form scaffolds to …

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a family of receptor-like and cytoplasmic
signal transducing enzymes that catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine residues …

▪ Abstract Eukaryotic protein phosphatases are structurally and functionally diverse enzymes
that are represented by three distinct gene families. Two of these, the PPP and PPM families…

The identification of substrates of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) is an essential step
toward a complete understanding of the physiological function of members of this enzyme …

Inherited defects in signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor have long been
suggested to contribute to human type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here we describe a mutation in …

At least eight types of ubiquitin chain exist, and individual linkages affect distinct cellular
processes. The only distinguishing feature of differently linked ubiquitin chains is their structure, …

The diverse forms of protein phosphatase 1 in vivo result from the association of its catalytic
subunit (PP1c) with different regulatory subunits, one of which is the G‐subunit (GM) that …

The crystal structures of a cysteine-215→serine mutant of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
complexed with high-affinity peptide substrates corresponding to an autophosphorylation site …