Background The honeybee, Apis mellifera, is undergoing a worldwide decline whose origin
is still in debate. Studies performed for twenty years suggest that this decline may involve …

In ecosystems, a variety of biological, chemical and physical stressors may act in combination
to induce illness in populations of living organisms. While recent surveys reported that …

Modern agriculture often involves the use of pesticides to protect crops. These substances
are harmful to target organisms (pests and pathogens). Nevertheless, they can also damage …

Parasite‐induced alteration of host behaviour is a widespread transmission strategy among
pathogens. Understanding how it works is an exciting challenge from both a mechanistic …

Many invasive pathogens effectively bypass the insect defenses to ensure the completion of
their life cycle. Among those, an invasive microsporidian species, Nosema ceranae, can …

Mosquito‐transmitted pathogens pass through the insect's midgut (MG) and salivary gland (SG).
What occurs in these organs in response to a blood meal is poorly understood, but …

Despite increasing evidence of behavioural manipulation of their vectors by pathogens, the
underlying mechanisms causing infected vectors to act in ways that benefit pathogen …

The honey bee is threatened by biological agents and pesticides that can act in combination
to induce synergistic effects on its physiology and lifespan. The synergistic effects of a …

We performed a phylogenetic character mapping on 26 stocks of Trypanosoma cruzi, the
parasite responsible for Chagas disease, and 2 stocks of the sister taxon T. cruzi marinkellei to …

Agrowing number of studies demonstrate, or suggest, that vector-borne parasites manipulate
phenotypic traits of their vectors and hosts in ways that increase contacts between them, …