In 1953 Medawar pointed out that survival of the genetically disparate (allogeneic) mammalian
conceptus contradicts the laws of tissue transplantation. Rapid T cell–induced rejection of …

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme that degrades the essential amino acid
tryptophan. The concept that cells expressing IDO can suppress T-cell responses and promote …

Commensal gut microflora and dietary fiber protect against colonic inflammation and colon
cancer through unknown targets. Butyrate, a bacterial product from fermentation of dietary …

Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) catabolizes the amino acid tryptophan. IDO-expressing
immunoregulatory dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated in settings including tumors, …

We have recently shown that expression of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)
during murine pregnancy is required to prevent rejection of the allogeneic fetus by maternal …

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) can induce tolerance or immunity. We describe a subset of
human APCs that express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and inhibit T cell proliferation …

Tumors arise from normal cells of the body through genetic mutation. Although such genetic
mutation often leads to the expression of abnormal antigens, the immune system fails to …

One mechanism contributing to immunologic unresponsiveness toward tumors may be
presentation of tumor antigens by tolerogenic host APCs. We show that mouse tumor-draining …

A small population of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in mouse tumor-draining LNs can express
the immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). We show that these IDO …

Sustained access to nutrients is a fundamental biological need, especially for proliferating
cells, and controlling nutrient supply is an ancient strategy to regulate cellular responses to …