To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic
analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods …

Localized ecological systems are known to shift abruptly and irreversibly from one state to
another when they are forced across critical thresholds. Here we review evidence that the …

Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across
many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian …

A PCR-based approach to sequencing complete mitochondrial genomes is described along
with a set of 86 primers designed primarily for avian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This PCR-…

Mitochondrial genomes of all vertebrate animals analyzed to date have the same 37 genes,
whose arrangement in the circular DNA molecule varies only in the relative position of a few …

We assessed phylogenetic relationships for birds of prey in the family Accipitridae using
molecular sequence from two mitochondrial genes (1047 bases ND2 and 1041 bases cyt-b) …

The evolution of mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences was investigated to infer the
phylogenetic position of the Asian viperAzemiops feaeand to refine weighting methodology for …

A gastroenterologist was convicted of attempted second-degree murder by injecting his
former girlfriend with blood or blood-products obtained from an HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected …

Background Determining an absolute timescale for avian evolutionary history has proven
contentious. The two sources of information available, paleontological data and inference from …

We have discovered a single ‘‘extra’’nucleotide in the mitochondrial (mt) NADH dehydrogenase
subunit III (ND3) gene in 46 species of birds (fig. 1) at position 174 relative to the …