Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV‐J) was isolated in meat‐type breeder chickens for the
first time in 1988 in the United Kingdom. Due to the application of an eradication program, …

Background Co-infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J and reticuloendotheliosis
virus induces synergistic pathogenic effects and increases mortality. However, the role of …

Congenital avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection can induce persistent
immunotolerance in chicken, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we …

Background Gyrovirus homsa1 (GyH1) (also known as Gyrovirus 3, GyV3) is a non-enveloped,
small, single-stranded DNA virus, which was first identified in children with acute diarrhea…

Coinfection with Marek's disease virus (MDV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) causes
synergistic pathogenic effects and serious losses to the poultry industry. However, whether …

Macrococcus caseolyticus is generally considered to be a non‐pathogenic bacterium that
does not cause human or animal diseases. However, recently, a strain of M. caseolyticus ( …

Background Co-infection with the avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and the
reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) increases mutual viral replication, causing a more serious …

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an oncogenic retrovirus, induces growth retardation
and neoplasia in chickens, leading to enormous economic losses in poultry industry. …

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that induces malignant
T-cell lymphomas in chickens, leading to great economic loss in poultry industry. The unique…

Synergism between avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and reticuloendotheliosis virus
(REV) has been reported frequently in co-infected chicken flocks. Although significant …