In mammals, meiosis is initiated at different time points in males and females, but the
mechanism underlying this difference is unknown. Female germ cells begin meiosis during …

Humans differ from other animals in many aspects of anatomy, physiology, and behaviour;
however, the genotypic basis of most human-specific traits remains unknown 1 . Recent whole…

The transition from mitosis to meiosis is a defining juncture in the life cycle of sexually
reproducing organisms. In yeast, the decision to enter meiosis is made before the single round of …

Wnt4 ‐/‐ XX gonads display features normally associated with testis differentiation, suggesting
that WNT4 actively represses elements of the male pathway during ovarian development. …

Differentiation of mouse embryonic germ cells as male or female is dependent on the somatic
environment of the gonad rather than the sex chromosome constitution of the germ cell. …

Over the course of a few days, the bipotential embryonic mouse gonad differentiates into either
a testis or an ovary. Though a few gene expression differences that underlie gonadal sex …

INTRODUCTION In most vertebrate organs, epithelial tubes or sacs are surrounded by
support and stromal tissues—including smooth muscle, cartilage, pericytes, fibroblasts, and …

CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing has enabled the direct manipulation of gene function
in many species. However, the reproductive biology of reptiles presents unique barriers for …

10.7554/eLife.12115.001 Birds display remarkable diversity in the distribution and morphology
of scales and feathers on their feet, yet the genetic and developmental mechanisms …

The amniote phallus and limbs differ dramatically in their morphologies but share patterns
of signaling and gene expression in early development. Thus far, the extent to which genital …