Current treatments for depression are inadequate for many individuals, and progress in
understanding the neurobiology of depression is slow. Several promising hypotheses of …

Unravelling the pathophysiology of depression is a unique challenge. Not only are depressive
syndromes heterogeneous and their aetiologies diverse, but symptoms such as guilt and …

Addiction is a state of compulsive drug use; despite treatment and other attempts to control
drug taking, addiction tends to persist. Clinical and laboratory observations have converged …

Recent studies suggest that stress-induced atrophy and loss of hippocampal neurons may
contribute to the pathophysiology of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the …

Studies of human addicts and behavioural studies in rodent models of addiction indicate
that key behavioural abnormalities associated with addiction are extremely long lived. So, …

The neural circuitry that mediates mood under normal and abnormal conditions remains
incompletely understood. Most attention in the field has focused on hippocampal and frontal …

While stressful life events are an important cause of psychopathology, most individuals
exposed to adversity maintain normal psychological functioning. The molecular mechanisms …

Modeling of human neuropsychiatric disorders in animals is extremely challenging given the
subjective nature of many symptoms, the lack of biomarkers and objective diagnostic tests, …

Mice experiencing repeated aggression develop a long-lasting aversion to social contact,
which can be normalized by chronic, but not acute, administration of antidepressant. Using …

Recent studies have begun to characterize the actions of stress and antidepressant treatments
beyond the neurotransmitter and receptor level. This work has demonstrated that long-…