Estimation of the effective reproductive number R t is important for detecting changes in
disease transmission over time. During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, …

The high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), the most common sexually transmitted
infection, arises from the coexistence of over 200 genetically distinct types. Accurately …

Food webs, networks of feeding relationships in an ecosystem, provide fundamental insights
into mechanisms that determine ecosystem stability and persistence. A standard approach …

Pathogens vary in their antigenic complexity. While some pathogens such as measles
present a few relatively invariant targets to the immune system, others such as malaria display …

Infectious diseases are notorious for their complex dynamics, which make it difficult to fit
models to test hypotheses. Methods based on state-space reconstruction have been proposed …

Pathogens compete for hosts through patterns of cross-protection conferred by immune
responses to antigens. In Plasmodium falciparum malaria, the var multigene family encoding for …

It is a truism that antimicrobial drugs select for resistance, but explaining pathogen- and
population-specific variation in patterns of resistance remains an open problem. Like other …

Background Recent advances in molecular biology, sensors, and digital medicine have led
to an explosion of products and services for high-resolution monitoring of individual health. …

In arid areas, people living in the proximity of irrigation infrastructure are potentially exposed
to a higher risk of malaria due to changes in ecohydrological conditions that lead to …

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that absolute humidity and school terms affect the timing
of influenza epidemics, although the contributions of these and other factors are still …