Recently, the first known light-driven sodium pumps, from the microbial rhodopsin family,
were discovered. We have solved the structure of one of them, Krokinobacter eikastus …

INTRODUCTION Microorganisms obtain most of the information about their environments
through membrane-associated signaling systems. One of the most abundant classes of …

Here, an automated procedure is described to identify the positions of many cryocooled crystals
mounted on the same sample holder, to rapidly predict and rank their relative diffraction …

Hydrogen bonds are fundamental to the structure and function of biological macromolecules
and have been explored in detail. The chains of hydrogen bonds (CHBs) and low-barrier …

Light-driven proton pumps are present in many organisms. Here, we present a high-resolution
structure of a proteorhodopsin from a permafrost bacterium, Exiguobacterium sibiricum …

Rhodopsins, most of which are proton pumps generating transmembrane electrochemical
proton gradients, span all three domains of life, are abundant in the biosphere, and could play …

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) provides light-driven vectorial proton transport across a cell
membrane. Creation of electrochemical potential at the membrane is a universal step in energy …

The science of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) critically depends on the performance of
the X-ray laser and on the quality of the samples placed into the X-ray beam. The stability of …

Amphipols (APols) have become important tools for the stabilization, folding, and in vitro
structural and functional studies of membrane proteins (MPs). Direct crystallization of MPs …

Phospholipids have major roles in the structure and function of all cell membranes. Most
integral membrane proteins from the large CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase family are …