Autophagy plays multiple, often antagonistic roles in plants. In particular, cytoprotective
functions of autophagy are well balanced by cell death functions to compensate for the absence …

Autophagy is a eukaryotic catabolic pathway essential for growth and development. In plants,
it is activated in response to environmental cues or developmental stimuli. However, in …

Initially found to be critically involved in inflammation and apoptosis, caspases have since
then been implicated in the regulation of various signaling pathways in animals. How …

Although animals eliminate apoptotic cells using macrophages, plants use cell corpses
throughout development and disassemble cells in a cell-autonomous manner by vacuolar cell …

Autophagy is a major catabolic process whereby autophagosomes deliver cytoplasmic content
to the lytic compartment for recycling. Autophagosome formation requires two ubiquitin-…

Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are two major protein degradation
pathways implicated in the response to microbial infections in eukaryotes. In animals, the …

Metacaspases and paracaspases are proteases that were first identified as containing a
caspase-like structural fold (Uren et al., 2000). Like caspases, metacaspases and paracaspases …

Plants display remarkable abilities to adjust growth and development to environmental
conditions, such as the amount of available water. This developmental plasticity is apparent not …

Interactions between plant cells and the environment rely on modulation of protein receptors,
transporters, channels, and lipids at the plasma membrane (PM) to facilitate intercellular …

Caloric restriction ( CR ) extends lifespan in various heterotrophic organisms ranging from
yeasts to mammals, but whether a similar phenomenon occurs in plants remains unknown. …