Alphaviruses productively infect a variety of vertebrate and insect cell lines. In vertebrate
cells, Sindbis virus redirects cellular processes to meet the needs of virus propagation. At the …

The Old World alphaviruses are emerging human pathogens with an ability to cause widespread
epidemics. The latest epidemic of Chikungunya virus, from 2005 to 2007, affected over …

Formation of virus-specific replicative complexes (RCs) in infected cells is one of the most
intriguing and important processes that determine virus replication and ultimately their …

The paper presents the results of systematic review of modern scientific publications devoted
to the digitalization of education. A review of Russian and foreign studies allows us to …

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a representative member of the New World
alphaviruses. It is transmitted by mosquito vectors and causes highly debilitating disease in …

Two novel 21-residue antimicrobial peptides, arenicin-1 and arenicin-2, exhibiting activity
against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, were purified from coelomocytes …

The innate immune response is the first line of defense against most viral infections. Its
activation promotes cell signaling, which reduces virus replication in infected cells and leads to …

The positive-strand RNA viruses initiate their amplification in the cell from a single genome
delivered by virion. This single RNA molecule needs to become involved in replication …

Alphaviruses represent a highly important group of human and animal pathogens, which
are transmitted by mosquito vectors between vertebrate hosts. The hallmark of alphavirus …

ABSTRACT Development of the cellular antiviral response requires nuclear translocation of
multiple transcription factors and activation of a wide variety of cellular genes. To counteract …