Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known mediators of intracellular signaling cascades.
Excessive production of ROS may, however, lead to oxidative stress, loss of cell function, and …

Thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase and NADPH, the thioredoxin system, is ubiquitous from
Archea to man. Thioredoxins, with a dithiol/disulfide active site (CGPC) are the major cellular …

The mammalian deoxyribonucleoside kinases are deoxycytidine kinase, thymidine kinase 1
and 2 and deoxyguanosine kinase. These enzymes phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides …

BACKGROUND: Thioredoxin systems, involving redox active thioredoxins and thioredoxin
reductases, sustain a number of important thioredoxin-dependent pathways. These systems …

Thioredoxin (Trx), NADPH and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) comprise a thioredoxin system
which exists in nearly all living cells. It functions in thiol-dependent thiol-disulfide exchange …

Mammalian thioredoxin reductases (TrxR) are homodimers, homologous to glutathione
reductase (GR), with an essential selenocysteine (SeCys) residue in an extension containing the …

Selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid, exists naturally in all kingdoms of life as the
defining entity of selenoproteins. Sec is a cysteine (Cys) residue analogue with a selenium-…

The defining entity of a selenoprotein is the inclusion of at least one selenocysteine (Sec)
residue in its sequence. Sec, the 21st naturally occurring genetically encoded amino acid, …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from
aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated enzymatic …

Hydrogen sulfide signaling involves persulfide formation at specific protein Cys residues.
However, overcoming current methodological challenges in persulfide detection and …