Background Prolonged sitting is considered detrimental to health, but evidence regarding
the independent relationship of total sitting time with all-cause mortality is limited. This study …

Background Reliable evidence about the effect of female genital mutilation (FGM) on obstetric
outcome is scarce. This study examines the effect of different types of FGM on obstetric …

Background The smoking epidemic in Australia is characterised by historic levels of
prolonged smoking, heavy smoking, very high levels of long-term cessation, and low current …

Background Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity
and mortality. Evidence on the relation of smoking to different subtypes of CVD, across fatal …

Background Low-risk limits recommended for alcohol consumption vary substantially across
different national guidelines. To define thresholds associated with lowest risk for all-cause …

1 Million Women Study Collaborators. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in
the Million Women Study. Lancet 2003; 362: 419–27. preparations for less than 1 year might …

Background Overweight and obesity are increasing worldwide. To help assess their
relevance to mortality in different populations we conducted individual-participant data meta-…

Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Rates vary
about five-fold around the world, but they are increasing in regions that until recently had low …

THE LANCET• Vol 360• September 21, 2002• www. thelancet. com 943 biased. Many
commentators had argued that the lower rates of coronary heart disease among HRT users …

Background There is little empirical evidence regarding the generalisability of relative risk
estimates from studies which have relatively low response rates or are of limited …