Background A low plasma level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is associated
with reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the effect of lifelong reductions in …

Blood pressure is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. To date, few variants associated
with interindividual blood pressure variation have been identified and replicated. Here we …

Age is the dominant risk factor for most chronic human diseases, but the mechanisms
through which ageing confers this risk are largely unknown 1 . The age-related acquisition of …

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease results in >19 million deaths annually, and coronary
heart disease accounts for the majority of this toll. Despite major advances in treatment of …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 33 million individuals worldwide 1 and has a complex
heritability 2 . We conducted the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (…

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified common single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a wide variety of complex diseases, but do not …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a heritable component and is an important global public
health problem because of its high prevalence and morbidity 1 . We conducted genome-…

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Previous studies have
identified several genetic loci associated with typical AF. We sought to identify common genetic …

Background High plasma HDL cholesterol is associated with reduced risk of myocardial
infarction, but whether this association is causal is unclear. Exploiting the fact that genotypes are …

The 1000 Genomes Project set out to provide a comprehensive description of common human
genetic variation by applying whole-genome sequencing to a diverse set of individuals …