To the Editor—Rapid advances in DNA-sequencing and bioinformatics technologies in the
past two decades have substantially improved understanding of the microbial world. This …

DNA from low-biodiversity fracture water collected at 2.8-kilometer depth in a South African
gold mine was sequenced and assembled into a single, complete genome. This bacterium, …

Identifying ecologically differentiated populations within complex microbial communities
remains challenging, yet is critical for interpreting the evolution and ecology of microbes in the …

The Bacteria and Archaea are the most genetically diverse superkingdoms of life, and
techniques for exploring that diversity are only just becoming widespread. Taxonomists classify …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the acquisition of genetic material from non-parental lineages,
is known to be important in bacterial evolution 1 , 2 . In particular, HGT provides rapid …

Many bacterial and archaeal lineages have a history of extensive and ongoing horizontal
gene transfer and loss, as evidenced by the large differences in genome content even among …

High-throughput sequencing based techniques, such as 16S rRNA gene profiling, have the
potential to elucidate the complex inner workings of natural microbial communities - be they …

A Western lifestyle with high salt consumption can lead to hypertension and cardiovascular
disease. High salt may additionally drive autoimmunity by inducing T helper 17 (T H 17) cells…

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread among bacteria. However, not all ARGs
pose serious threats to public health, highlighting the importance of identifying those that are …

We present QIIME 2, an opensource microbiome data science platform accessible to users
spanning the microbiome research ecosystem, from scientists and engineers to clinicians …