Gene drive systems that enable super-Mendelian inheritance of a transgene have the
potential to modify insect populations over a timeframe of a few years. We describe CRISPR-Cas9 …

Transgenesis is an essential tool to investigate gene function and to introduce desired
characters in laboratory organisms. Setting-up transgenesis in non-model organisms is …

Pathogenicity of many Gram-negative bacteria relies on the injection of effector proteins by
type III secretion into eukaryotic cells, where they modulate host signaling pathways to the …

Wnt and Hedgehog family proteins are secreted signalling molecules (morphogens) that act
at both long and short range to control growth and patterning during development. Both …

The mechanisms that order cellular packing geometry are critical for the functioning of many
tissues, but they are poorly understood. Here, we investigate this problem in the developing …

The molecular mechanism by which bacterial avirulence genes mediate recognition by
resistant host plants has been enigmatic for more than a decade. In this paper we provide …

Bacterial pathogens of plants and animals utilize conserved type III delivery systems to traffic
effector proteins into host cells. Plant innate immune systems evolved disease resistance (R…

Background Mosquito-borne viruses—such as Zika, chikungunya, dengue fever, and yellow
fever, among others—are of global importance. Although vaccine development for …

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria bacteria expressing the type III effector protein
AvrBs3 induce a hypersensitive response in pepper plants carrying the resistance gene Bs3. …

The AvrBs3 protein of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
is targeted to host‐plant cells by the bacterial Hrp type III secretion system. In pepper …