Upon double fertilization, one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote with a 1:1
maternal-to-paternal genome ratio (1m:1p), and another sperm cell fuses with the central cell …

Fertilization is a general feature of eukaryotic uni- and multicellular organisms to restore a
diploid genome from female and male gamete haploid genomes. In most animals and fucoid …

Technology involving the targeted mutagenesis of plants using programmable nucleases
has been developing rapidly and has enormous potential in next-generation plant breeding. …

Targeted mutagenesis via programmable nucleases including the clustered regulatory
interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) (CRISPR/…

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles in plant development and environmental
stress responses. In this study, ROS dynamics, the glutathione redox status, the expression …

Upon fertilization in angiosperms, one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to produce a zygote,
and, via karyogamy, the parental genetic information is combined to form the diploid …

Polyploidization has played a major role in the long‐term diversification and evolutionary
success of angiosperms. Triploid formation among diploid plants, which is generally …

Facing the challenges of the world's food sources posed by a growing global population and
a warming climate will require improvements in plant breeding and technology. Enhancing …

Carbohydrates (sugars) are an essential energy-source for all life forms. They take a significant
share of our daily consumption and are used for biofuel production as well. However, …

Polyethylene glycol calcium ( PEG ‐Ca 2+ ) transfection‐mediated analysis allows rapid and
efficient examination of gene function. To investigate the diverse cellular functions of genes …