Respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is a cornerstone of cellular metabolism in aerobic
multicellular organisms. The efficiency of this process is generally assumed to be maximized, …

The mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (Complex I) is a large protein
complex formed from both nuclearly and mitochondrially encoded subunits. Subunit ND1 is …

Peroxisomes play key roles in energy metabolism, cell signaling, and plant development. A
better understanding of these important functions will be achieved with a more complete …

Mitochondria host vital cellular functions, including oxidative phosphorylation and co‐factor
biosynthesis, which are reflected in their proteome. At the cellular level plant mitochondria …

Transcription of mitochondrial genes in animals, fungi, and plants relies on the activity of T3/T7
phage-type RNA polymerases. Two such enzymes, RPOTm and RPOTmp, are present in …

Fusion proteins derived from transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) have emerged as
genome editing tools for mitochondria. TALE nucleases (TALENs) have been applied to …

The plant cell cytosol is a dynamic and complex intracellular matrix that, by definition,
contains no compartmentalization. Nonetheless, it maintains a wide variety of biochemical …

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a common feature encountered in plant species. It is the
result of a genomic conflict between the mitochondrial and the nuclear genomes. CMS is …

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins belong to a family of approximately 450 members in
Arabidopsis, of which few have been characterized. We identified loss of function alleles of …

Communication between organelles and the nucleus is essential for fitness and survival.
Retrograde signals are cues emitted from the organelles to regulate nuclear gene expression. …