Background The brain’s initial innate response to stroke is primarily mediated by microglia,
the resident macrophage of the CNS. However, as early as 4 h after stroke, the blood–brain …

Insulin resistance is a pathological state often associated with obesity, representing a major
risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Limited mechanism-based strategies exist to alleviate insulin …

Both CD4 + T cell help and IL-2 have been postulated to “program” activated CD8 + T cells
for memory cell development. However, the linkage between these two signals has not been …

In response to infection, CD8+ T cells integrate multiple signals and undergo an exponential
increase in cell numbers. Simultaneously, a dynamic differentiation process occurs, …

Class II-restricted CD4 T cell-mediated killing of target cells has previously been documented
in vitro but not in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate CD4-dependent MHC class II-…

Aging is associated with an increase in basal inflammation in the CNS and an overall decline
in cognitive function and poorer recovery following injury. Growing evidence suggests that …

The peripheral immune system plays a critical role in aging and in the response to brain
injury. Emerging data suggest inflammatory responses are exacerbated in older animals …

The role of senescent cells has been implicated in various tissue dysfunctions associated
with aging, obesity and other pathological conditions. Currently, most transgenic mouse …

Background The IL-17 family cytokines are potent drivers of colorectal cancer (CRC)
development. We and others have shown that IL-17 mainly signals to tumor cells to promote CRC, …

The aging brain is associated with significant changes in physiology that alter the tissue
microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS). In the aged CNS, increased …