Importance Children who receive a diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder may have a
characteristic facial appearance in addition to neurodevelopmental impairment. It is not well …

Background This paper presents drinking patterns in a prospective study of a population-based
cohort of 1570 pregnant women using a combination of dose and timing to give best …

OBJECTIVE: To assess trends in the prevalence of Down syndrome (DS) from 1986 to 2004
in Victoria, Australia (population ∼5 million). STUDY DESIGN: The Victorian Birth Defects …

Background pregnancy alcohol research relies on self-reports of alcohol consumption.
Reporting bias may contribute to ambiguous and conflicting findings on fetal effects of low to …

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) contributes to poor birth outcomes, in part through
disrupted placental functions, which may be reflected in the placental epigenome. Here …

The lengths of the digital bones of the fore- and hind-limbs obtained post mortem from 40
cattle of different ages were measured using digital radiographs. The lengths of the individual …

Background This retrospective study describes the clinical and laboratory findings, treatment
and outcome of 461 cattle with caecal dilatation. Results The general condition and …

Alteration to small heat shock proteins provides a mechanism to reduce mesangial cell
contractility. Background Small heat shock proteins are expressed in many tissues and are …

Objective: To explore the experiences of families with a baby with Down syndrome at the
time of diagnosis, and their preferences for information and support in the early period after …

Aim: Epigenetic changes, in particular in the placenta, may mediate the effects of prenatal
alcohol exposure (PAE) on children's health. We examined the relationship between PAE …