To decipher neural circuits underlying brain functions, viral tracers are widely applied to map
input and output connectivity of neuronal populations. Despite the successful application of …

Innate defense behaviors (IDBs) evoked by threatening sensory stimuli are essential for
animal survival. Although subcortical circuits are implicated in IDBs, it remains largely unclear …

It has been proposed that sound information is separately streamed into onset and offset
pathways for parallel processing. However, how offset responses contribute to auditory …

Cortical sensory processing is modulated by behavioral and cognitive states. How this
modulation is achieved by changing synaptic circuits remains largely unknown. In awake mouse …

Defense against environmental threats is essential for animal survival. However, the neural
circuits responsible for transforming unconditioned sensory stimuli and generating defensive …

The origins of the deactivation of a Au/CeO 2 –Co 3 O 4 catalyst during CO preferential
oxidation (PROX) are investigated in detail by means of high-resolution transmission electron …

Sensory information undergoes ordered and coordinated processing across cortical layers.
Whereas cortical layer (L) 4 faithfully acquires thalamic information, the superficial layers …

Blood purification refers to the extra corporeal therapies of removing potentially toxic substances,
in which blood is circulated through an adsorption system loading separation materials…

Safety assessment and threat evaluation are crucial for animals to live and survive in the
wilderness. However, neural circuits underlying safety assessment and their transformation to …

Sparse representation is considered an important coding strategy for cortical processing in
various sensory modalities. It remains unclear how cortical sparseness arises and is being …