X-ray crystallography provides the vast majority of macromolecular structures, but the success
of the method relies on growing crystals of sufficient size. In conventional measurements, …

Abstract Theory predicts 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 that, with an ultrashort and extremely bright coherent X-ray
pulse, a single diffraction pattern may be recorded from a large macromolecule, a virus or …

X-ray lasers offer new capabilities in understanding the structure of biological systems,
complex materials and matter under extreme conditions 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . Very short and extremely …

Detailed structural investigations on living cells are problematic because existing structural
methods cannot reach high resolutions on non-reproducible objects. Illumination with an …

The emerging technique of serial X-ray diffraction, in which diffraction data are collected from
samples flowing across a pulsed X-ray source at repetition rates of 100 Hz or higher, has …

X-ray free-electron lasers have enabled new approaches to the structural determination of
protein crystals that are too small or radiation-sensitive for conventional analysis 1 . For …

We present a proof-of-concept three-dimensional reconstruction of the giant mimivirus particle
from experimentally measured diffraction patterns from an x-ray free-electron laser. Three-…

Helium nanodroplets are considered ideal model systems to explore quantum hydrodynamics
in self-contained, isolated superfluids. However, exploring the dynamic properties of …

We demonstrate the use of an X-ray free electron laser synchronized with an optical pump
laser to obtain X-ray diffraction snapshots from the photoactivated states of large membrane …

The morphology of micrometre-size particulate matter is of critical importance in fields
ranging from toxicology 1 to climate science 2 , yet these properties are surprisingly difficult to …