Autoimmune diseases are thought to be initiated by exposures to foreign antigens that cross-react
with endogenous molecules. Scleroderma is an autoimmune connective tissue …

There is now evidence that schizophrenia may be accompanied by an activation of the
monocytic and T-helper-2 (Th-2) arms of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and by various alterations …

There is now some evidence that schizophrenia may be accompanied by an activation of
the inflammatory response system (IRS) and that typical antipsychotics may suppress some …

Experience suggests that African Americans may express autoimmune disease differently
than other racial groups. In the context of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), we sought to …

Many conditions presenting with clinical hard skin and tissue fibrosis can be confused with
systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). These disorders have very diverse etiologies and often an …

Racial differences exist in the severity of systemic sclerosis (SSc). To enhance our knowledge
about SSc in African Americans, we established a comprehensive clinical database from …

At the center of fibrosing diseases is the aberrant activation of tissue fibroblasts. The cellular
and molecular mechanisms of how the immune system augments fibroblast activation have …

Background Immunosuppressive therapy may potentially alter the natural disease course of
scleroderma. There have been reports of using mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the …

Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in
patients with scleroderma (Scl). Risk prediction and prognostication in patients with Scl-ILD …

The authors discuss literature evidence on the possible dysfunctioning of HPA axis and the
inflammatory response system (IRS) in schizophrenia in relation to a more comprehensive …