The respiratory and intestinal tracts are exposed to physical and biological hazards
accompanying the intake of air and food. Likewise, the vasculature is threatened by inflammation …

Antibodies developed for research and clinical applications may exhibit suboptimal stability,
expressibility, or affinity. Existing optimization strategies focus on surface mutations, …

Mucus is made of enormous mucin glycoproteins that polymerize by disulfide crosslinking in
the Golgi apparatus. QSOX1 is a catalyst of disulfide bond formation localized to the Golgi. …

Mucus protects the epithelial cells of the digestive and respiratory tracts from pathogens and
other hazards. Progress in determining the molecular mechanisms of mucus barrier function …

The mucin 2 glycoprotein assembles into a complex hydrogel that protects intestinal
epithelia and houses the gut microbiome. A major step in mucin 2 assembly is further …

The glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF) contributes to hemostasis by stanching injuries
in blood vessel walls. A distinctive feature of VWF is its assembly into long, helical tubules …

The Cercospora species of fungi are responsible for leaf spot disease affecting many key
economic crops. Most of these fungi secrete a toxic photodynamic molecule, cercosporin, that …

The von Willebrand factor (VWF) glycoprotein is stored in tubular form in Weibel-Palade bodies
(WPBs) before secretion from endothelial cells into the bloodstream. The organization of …

Zymogen granule membrane protein 16 (ZG16) is produced in organs that secrete large
quantities of enzymes and other proteins into the digestive tract. ZG16 binds microbial …

Background Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a robust enzyme catalyzing the formation
of an isopeptide bond between glutamine and lysine residues. It has found use in food …