In the late 1990s, mutations in the synaptic protein α-synuclein (α-syn) were identified in
families with hereditary Parkinson's disease (PD). Rapidly, α-syn became the target of …

Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) regulate
actin dynamics and presynaptic vesicle cycling at axon terminals, thereby facilitating axonal …

Across all kingdoms in the tree of life, calcium (Ca 2+ ) is an essential element used by cells
to respond and adapt to constantly changing environments. In multicellular organisms, it …

Calcineurin (CN) is a highly conserved Ca 2+ –calmodulin (CaM)-dependent phosphatase
that senses Ca 2+ concentrations and transduces that information into cellular responses. Ca …

TFII-I is a transcription factor and a target of phosphorylation by Bruton's tyrosine kinase. In
humans, deletions spanning the TFII-I locus are associated with a cognitive defect, the …

Calcineurin is an essential Ca 2+ -dependent phosphatase. Increased calcineurin activity is
associated with α-synuclein (α-syn) toxicity, a protein implicated in Parkinson’s Disease (PD…

Ykt6 is a soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor activating protein receptor (SNARE)
critically involved in diverse vesicular fusion pathways. While most SNAREs rely on …

The majority of microfluidic devices nowadays are built on rigid or bulky substrates such as
glass slides and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slabs, and heavily rely on external equipment …

Octopamine is a well-established invertebrate neurotransmitter involved in fight or flight
responses. In mammals, its function was replaced by epinephrine. Nevertheless, it is present at …

Introduction: Rise in Calcium (Ca 2+) and hyperactive Ca 2+-dependent phosphatase
calcineurin represent two key determinants of a-synuclein (a-syn) pathobiology implicated in …