Although the functions of a few effector proteins produced by bacterial and oomycete plant
pathogens have been elucidated in recent years, information for the vast majority of pathogen …

Centromeres are critical for cell division, loading CENH3 or CENPA histone variant nucleosomes,
directing kinetochore formation and allowing chromosome segregation 1 , 2 . Despite …

Although nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are the major immune
receptors in plants, the mechanism that controls their activation and immune signaling …

Herbaria archive a record of changes of worldwide plant biodiversity harbouring millions of
specimens that contain DNA suitable for genome sequencing. To profit from this resource, it …

Programmed cell death (PCD) plays critical roles in plant immunity but must be regulated to
prevent excessive damage. The E3 ubiquitin ligase SPL11 negatively regulates PCD and …

Microorganisms from all domains of life establish associations with plants. Although some
harm the plant, others antagonize pathogens or prime the plant immune system, support the …

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is involved in the selective degradation of proteins
in the cells of eukaryotic organisms and consists of three main enzymes: ubiquitin-activating …

WRKY proteins play important roles in transcriptional reprogramming in plants in response
to various stresses including pathogen attack. In this study, we functionally characterized a …

A central goal in microbiome research is to learn what distinguishes a healthy from a
dysbiotic microbial community. Shifts in diversity and taxonomic composition are important …

Lesion mimic mutants have been used to dissect programmed cell death (PCD) and defense-related
pathways in plants. The rice lesion-mimic mutant spl11 exhibits race nonspecific …