The classical complement activation cascade of the immune system is initiated by multivalent
binding of its first component, C1q, to the Fc region of immunoglobulins in immune …

Posttranslational modification of Ag is implicated in several autoimmune diseases. In celiac
disease, a cereal gluten-induced enteropathy with several autoimmune features, T cell …

Background & Aims Development of celiac disease is believed to involve the
transglutaminase-dependent response of CD4 + T cells toward deamidated gluten peptides in the …

Although cloning and expression of T-cell Receptors (TcRs) has been performed for almost
two decades, these procedures are still challenging. For example, the use of T-cell clones …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are valuable as research reagents, in diagnosis and in
therapy. Their high specificity, the ease in production, favorable biophysical properties and the …

Antibodies specific for peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are
valuable tools for studies of antigen presentation and may have therapeutic potential. Here, we …

Phage display technology has evolved to become an extremely versatile and powerful platform
for protein engineering. The robustness of the phage particle, its ease of handling and its …

It has been difficult to translate promising results from DNA vaccination in mice to larger animals
and humans. Previously, DNA vaccines encoding proteins that target Ag to MHC class II …

Background Phage display is a leading technology for selection of binders with affinity for
specific target molecules. Polypeptides are normally displayed as fusions to the major coat …

The ability to isolate antibodies against any antigen of interest has become increasingly
important as antibodies have proved their utility both in antigen detection, quantification and as …