Many important questions about the history and dynamics of organisms have a geographical
component: How many are there, and where do they live? How do they move and …

Populations can be genetically isolated both by geographic distance and by differences in
their ecology or environment that decrease the rate of successful migration. Empirical studies …

Geographic patterns of genetic variation within modern populations, produced by complex
histories of migration, can be difficult to infer and visually summarize. A general consequence …

An important step in the analysis of genetic data is to describe and categorize natural
variation. Individuals that live close together are, on average, more genetically similar than …

The interactions between organisms and their environments can shape distributions of spatial
genetic variation, resulting in patterns of isolation by environment ( IBE ) in which genetic …

Uncovering the genetic and evolutionary basis of local adaptation is a major focus of
evolutionary biology. The recent development of cost-effective methods for obtaining high-quality …

Discussions aimed at resolution of the Tree of Life are most often focused on the interrelationships
of major organismal lineages. In this study, we focus on the resolution of some of the …

Gene flow is an enigmatic evolutionary force because it can limit adaptation but may also
rescue small populations from inbreeding depression [1–3]. Several iconic examples of genetic …

Gut microbiota in geographically isolated host populations are often distinct. These differences
have been attributed to between-population differences in host behaviours, environments…

Theory predicts that genetic erosion in small, isolated populations of endangered species
can be assessed using estimates of neutral genetic variation, yet this widely used approach …