Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has important antioxidant and metabolic functions in both plants
and animals, but humans, and a few other animal species, have lost the capacity to …

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an abundant component of plants. It reaches a concentration of
over 20 mM in chloroplasts and occurs in all cell compartments, including the cell wall. It has …

Current sampling of genomic sequence data from eukaryotes is relatively poor, biased, and
inadequate to address important questions about their biology, evolution, and ecology; this …

Vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid; AsA) acts as a potent antioxidant and cellular reductant in plants
and animals. AsA has long been known to have many critical physiological roles in plants, …

Coccolithophores have influenced the global climate for over 200 million years 1 . These
marine phytoplankton can account for 20 per cent of total carbon fixation in some systems 2 . …

l‐Galactose dehydrogenase (l‐GalDH), a novel enzyme that oxidizes l‐Gal to l‐galactono‐1,4‐lactone
(l‐GalL), has been purified from pea seedlings and cloned from Arabidopsis …

Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) is a dietary requirement for humans because it is an essential
cofactor for two enzymes, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase (METH). Land …

Marine coccolithophorid phytoplankton are major producers of biogenic calcite, playing a
significant role in the global carbon cycle. Predicting the impacts of ocean acidification on …

Porphyra umbilicalis (laver) belongs to an ancient group of red algae (Bangiophyceae), is
harvested for human food, and thrives in the harsh conditions of the upper intertidal zone. …

Eukaryotic cells generate cytosolic Ca 2+ signals via Ca 2+ -conducting channels in cellular
membranes. Plants and animals exhibit substantial differences in their complement of Ca 2+ …