Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) targeting the dorsal roots of lumbosacral segments
restores walking in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, EES is delivered with …

Spinal cord injury leads to severe locomotor deficits or even complete leg paralysis. Here we
introduce targeted spinal cord stimulation neurotechnologies that enabled voluntary control …

Half of human spinal cord injuries lead to chronic paralysis. Here, we introduce an
electrochemical neuroprosthesis and a robotic postural interface designed to encourage …

The mechanical mismatch between soft neural tissues and stiff neural implants hinders the
long-term performance of implantable neuroprostheses. Here, we designed and fabricated …

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of lumbosacral segments can restore a range of movements
after spinal cord injury. However, the mechanisms and neural structures through which …

After complete spinal cord transections that removed all supraspinal inputs in adult rats,
combinations of serotonergic agonists and epidural electrical stimulation were able to acutely …

Spinal cord injury disrupts the communication between the brain and the spinal circuits that
orchestrate movement. To bypass the lesion, brain–computer interfaces 1 , 2 , 3 have directly …

Spinal cord injuries alter motor function by disconnecting neural circuits above and below
the lesion, rendering sensory inputs a primary source of direct external drive to neuronal …

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in humans 1 , 2 and experimental animals 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 are often
associated with varying degrees of spontaneous functional recovery during the first months …

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) can face decades with permanent disabilities.
Advances in clinical management have decreased morbidity and improved outcomes, but no …