Orofacial pain has been well-characterized clinically, but evaluation of orofacial pain in
animals has not kept pace. The objective of this study was to describe behavioral responses to …

Background Photophobia is a debilitating feature of many headache disorders. Overview
Clinical and preclinical research has identified several potential pathways involved in …

Helminths are remarkably successful parasites that can invade various mammalian hosts and
establish chronic infections that can go unnoticed for years despite causing severe tissue …

Communication between the nervous and immune systems serves a key role in host-protective
immunity at mucosal barrier sites including the respiratory tract. In these tissues, …

Injury of the tooth pulp is excruciatingly painful and yet the receptors and neural circuit
mechanisms that transmit this form of pain remain poorly defined in both the clinic and preclinical …

Investigations of new analgesic treatments ideally are coupled with the use of compassionate
methods for pain testing in animals. Recently, we described a novel operant thermal …

Background: Rodent models of orofacial pain typically use methods adapted from
manipulations to hind paw; however, limitations of these models include animal restraint and …

Human females are more sensitive than males to brief nociceptive stimuli such as heat and
cold. However, a more pronounced peripheral vasoconstriction by females than by males …

Background Obesity is a risk factor associated with several pain syndromes. However, the
mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and pain are not known. The aim of …

Dental primary afferent (DPA) neurons and proprioceptive mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
(MTN) neurons, located in the trigeminal ganglion and the brainstem, respectively, are …