The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins are pore-forming toxins. Pneumolysin is the cytolysin
produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae and is a key virulence factor. The protein contains …

Alveolar macrophages play an essential role in clearing bacteria from the lower airway, as
the resident phagocyte alveolar macrophages must both phagocytose and kill bacteria, and if …

Differentiated macrophages are the resident tissue phagocytes and sentinel cells of the
innate immune response. The phenotype of mature tissue macrophages represents the …

… Macrophage apoptosis and alterations in Mcl-1 can be observed for a variety of other
pathogens, including Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli (Marriott and Dockrell …

The role of alveolar macrophages (AM) in host defense against pulmonary infection has
been difficult to establish using in vivo models. This may reflect a reliance on models of …

The regulation of neutrophil lifespan by induction of apoptosis is critical for maintaining an
effective host response and preventing excessive inflammation. The hypoxia-inducible factor (…

Novel therapeutics targeting neutrophilic inflammation are a major unmet clinical need in
acute and chronic inflammation. The timely induction of neutrophil apoptosis is critical for …

Neutrophil lifespan and function are regulated by hypoxia via components of the hypoxia
inducible factor (HIF)/von Hippel Lindau/hydroxylase pathway, including specific roles for HIF-…

Neutrophils undergo rapid constitutive apoptosis that is delayed by a range of pathogen-and
host-derived inflammatory mediators. We have investigated the ability of the nucleotide ATP…

Macrophages are resistant to constitutive apoptosis, but infectious stimuli can induce either
microbial or host‐mediated macrophage apoptosis. Phagocytosis and killing of opsonized …