Classical hormone receptors reversibly and non-covalently bind active hormone molecules,
which are generated by biosynthetic enzymes, to trigger signal transduction. The α/β …

The Arabidopsis thaliana protein UVR8 is a photoreceptor for ultraviolet-B. Upon ultraviolet-B
irradiation, UVR8 undergoes an immediate switch from homodimer to monomer, which …

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain (IgH)
class switch recombination (CSR) and Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) in B …

Protein acetylation emerged as a key regulatory mechanism for many cellular processes.
We used genetic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify Esa1 as a histone …

In mammals, translational control plays critical roles during oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET)
when transcription ceases. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain …

The T cell immunoglobulin mucin (Tim) family of receptors regulates effector CD4 + T cell
functions and is implicated in autoimmune and allergic diseases. Tim-3 induces immunological …

Many anti-infectives inhibit the synthesis of bacterial proteins, but none selectively inhibits
their degradation. Most anti-infectives kill replicating pathogens, but few preferentially kill …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + -dependent sirtuins have been identified to be
key regulators in the lifespan extending effects of calorie restriction (CR) in a number of …

Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain–like receptor (NLR) proteins oligomerize
into multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes when activated. Their autoinhibition …

The Sir2 enzyme family is responsible for a newly classified chemical reaction, NAD + -dependent
protein deacetylation. New peptide substrates, the reaction mechanism, and the …