Bone collagen is an important material for radiocarbon, paleodietary, and paleoproteomic
analyses, but it degrades over time, making such analyses more difficult with older material. …

The stratigraphy at Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria, spans the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic
transition, including an Initial Upper Palaeolithic (IUP) assemblage argued to represent the …

Radiocarbon dating archaeological bone typically requires 300–1000 mg material using
standard protocols. We report the results of reducing sample size at both the pretreatment and …

Archaeological bone collagen is highly useful for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating and palaeodietary
reconstruction. However, collagen preservation and carbon contamination are essential …

The recovery of Early Iron Age artefacts and domestic animal remains from hunter-gatherer
contexts at Likoaeng, Lesotho, has been argued to indicate contact between highland hunter-…

Modern humans appeared in Europe by at least 45,000 years ago 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, but the extent
of their interactions with Neanderthals, who disappeared by about 40,000 years ago 6, and …

The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Europe witnessed the replacement and partial
absorption of local Neanderthal populations by Homo sapiens populations of African origin …

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years 1 , 2 . Our knowledge of
the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing …

Artefacts made from stones, bones and teeth are fundamental to our understanding of human
subsistence strategies, behaviour and culture in the Pleistocene. Although these resources …

Human populations underwent range contractions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)
which had lasting and dramatic effects on their genetic variation. The genetic ancestry of …