Background Tens of millions of children are exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
globally every year; however, there are no contemporary estimates of the risk of developing …

Background BCG vaccines are given to more than 100 million children every year, but there
is considerable debate regarding the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in preventing …

Background Safety of treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) can be an
obstacle to treatment completion. Evaluate safety of longer MDR/RR-TB regimens …

Background The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has developed
an ambitious strategy to end the AIDS epidemic. After eight years of antiretroviral therapy (ART…

Rationale: Bedaquiline and delamanid offer the possibility of more effective and less toxic
treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB). With this treatment, however, some …

Background Development of rapid biomarker-based tests that can diagnose tuberculosis
using non-sputum samples is a priority for tuberculosis control. We aimed to compare the …

Background Concomitant use of bedaquiline (Bdq) and delamanid (Dlm) for multi-drug/rifampicin
resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) has raised concerns about a potentially poor risk-…

Background Among people living with HIV/AIDS, nutritional support is increasingly
recognized as a critical part of the essential package of care, especially for patients in sub‐Saharan …

Background Since 2011, WHO has recommended that HIV-positive inpatients be routinely
screened for tuberculosis with the WHO four-symptom screen (W4SS) and, if screened positive…

Background Evidence on the comparative performance of purified protein derivative
tuberculin skin tests (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) for predicting incident …