Background Sigma factors and the alarmone ppGpp control the allocation of RNA polymerase
to promoters under stressful conditions. Both ppGpp and the sigma factor σ S (RpoS) are …

All membrane proteins have dynamic and intimate relationships with the lipids of the bilayer
that may determine their activity. Mechanosensitive channels sense tension through their …

Bacterial mechanosensitive channels protect cells from structural damage during hypoosmotic
shock. MscS, MscL and MscK are the most abundant channels in E. coli and arguably the …

Bacterial mechanosensitive channels gate when the transmembrane turgor rises to levels
that compromise the structural integrity of the cell wall. Gating creates a transient large …

The RNA polymerase associated with RpoS transcribes many genes related to stationary
phase and stress survival in Escherichia coli. The DNA sequence of rpoS exhibits a high …

Background In phylogenetically diverse organisms, the 5′ ends of a subset of mRNAs are
trans-spliced with a spliced leader (SL) RNA. The functions of SL trans-splicing, however, …

Background Sigma factors and the alarmone ppGpp control the allocation of RNA polymerase
to promoters under stressful conditions. Both ppGpp and the sigma factor σ S (RpoS) are …

The effect of the rpoSam allele on gene expression and stress resistance in Escherichia coli
Heloisa F. Galbiati, Natalia P. T … Galbiati, Natalia P. Taschner & Beny Spira …

… Martina Raasholm and Heloisa Galbiati for maintaining the orders and routines in the lab.
Xiaofei Ma for collaboration and discussions regarding my experiments. Pavla Navratilova and …

Plasmids, DNA (or rarely RNA) molecules which replicate in cells autonomously (independently
of chromosomes) as non-essential genetic elements, play important roles for microbes …