B-cell activation yields abundant cell death in parallel to clonal amplification and remodeling
of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes by activation-induced deaminase (AID). AID promotes affinity …

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma
characterized by tumor B cells that weakly express a B-cell receptor. The mutational status of the …

B cells ensure humoral immune responses due to the production of Ag-specific memory B
cells and Ab-secreting plasma cells. In secondary lymphoid organs, Ag-driven B cell activation …

Introduction In mature B cells, activation-induced deaminase reshapes Ig genes through
somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination of the Ig heavy chain (IgH) locus under …

IgH locus suicide recombination (LSR) occurs in activated B-lymphocytes and may result in
the death of the concerned B cell, justifying the name “locus suicide recombination7. 1 LSR, …

In normal activated B-cells, Activation Induced-cytidine deaminase (AID) is absolutely
required for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR) and IGHV somatic …

Background: In normal B-cells, Activation Induced-cytidine deaminase (AID) is the key enzyme
for class switch recombination (CSR) and IGHV somatic hypermutation (SHM). AID is also …

Artificial Reefs (AR) show a wide diversity and vary in their construction materials, shape
and purpose, as illustrated by the present analysis of 127 scientific papers. AR have been …

The urban heat island (UHI) effect poses significant challenges to urban environmental quality
and public health. Over the decades, research efforts have been made to develop various …

In order to solve problems associated with stormwater runoff in urban areas and their effects
on natural and artificial water bodies, the integration of new technical solutions to the …