The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize
new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly …

For an epithelium to provide a protective barrier, it must maintain homeostatic cell numbers
by matching the number of dividing cells with the number of dying cells. Although …

In insects, visual information is processed in the optic lobe and conveyed to the central brain.
Although neural circuits within the optic lobe have been studied extensively, relatively little …

The neural circuits responsible for behavior remain largely unknown. Previous efforts have
reconstructed the complete circuits of small animals, with hundreds of neurons, and selected …

Motion vision is essential for navigating through the environment. Due to its genetic amenability,
the fruit fly Drosophila has been serving for a lengthy period as a model organism for …

Optic cup morphogenesis (OCM) generates the basic structure of the vertebrate eye.
Although it is commonly depicted as a series of epithelial sheet folding events, this does not …

In the retinotectal projection, synapses guide retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon arbor growth
by promoting branch formation and by selectively stabilizing branches. To ask whether …

2D image space methods are processing methods applied after the volumetric data are
projected and rendered into the 2D image space, such as 2D filtering, tone mapping and …

Insects and mammals share similarities of neural organization underlying the perception of
odors, taste, vision, sound, and gravity. We observed that insect somatosensation also …

Confocal microscopy is widely used in neurobiology for studying the three-dimensional structure
of the nervous system. Confocal image data are often multi-channel, with each channel …