Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used in various fields as composites with other substances
or alone to develop highly functional materials. CNTs hold great interest with respect to …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that have the potential to elicit new bone in vivo have
been used in a tissue-engineering approach for the repair of bone injuries and bone defects. …

Immune senescence potentially leads to an increased risk of infections. It is desirable to
augment the immune system and protect against infections by daily consumption of …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is composed of capillary endothelial cells, pericytes, and
perivascular astrocytes, which regulate central nervous system homeostasis. Sonic hedgehog (…

Deficiency of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble decoy receptor for receptor activator of
nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), in mice induces osteoporosis caused by enhanced bone …

Background The principal long-term complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been
aseptic fixation failure. Many hip prostheses and operative techniques have been …

Microglia are highly motile immunoreactive cells that play integral roles in the response to
brain infection and damage, and in the progression of various neurological diseases. During …

The chemokine CCL11 (also known as eotaxin‐1) is a potent eosinophil chemoattractant
that mediates allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and inflammatory bowel …

The neurodegenerative processes that underlie Alzheimer's disease are mediated, in part,
by soluble oligomeric amyloid β, a neurotoxic protein that inhibits hippocampal long-term …

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Amyloid β, a neurotoxic
protein, causes disruption of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and induces cognitive …