Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia via nitrite to nitrate, has always been considered to
be a two-step process catalysed by chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms oxidizing either …

In situ hybridization with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes has become a widely
applied tool for direct analysis of microbial population structures of complex natural and …

Biological wastewater treatment has been applied for more than a century to ameliorate
anthropogenic damage to the environment. But only during the last decade the use of molecular …

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has become a main focus in oceanography
and wastewater treatment 1 , 2 . It is also the nitrogen cycle's major remaining biochemical …

Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) catalyze the second step of nitrification, nitrite oxidation to
nitrate, which is an important process of the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. NOB were …

Biological wastewater treatment is among the most important biotechnological applications
and, as drivers of the key processes, microorganisms are central to its success. Therefore, …

Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, is an essential process in the biogeochemical
nitrogen cycle. The first step of nitrification, ammonia oxidation, is performed by three, …

Uncultivated Nitrospira-like bacteria in different biofilm and activated-sludge samples were
investigated by cultivation-independent molecular approaches. Initially, the phylogenetic …

The recent discovery of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) dramatically changed our perception
of the diversity and evolutionary history of microbes involved in nitrification. In this study, …

Determining the structure and dynamics of microbial communities is a core component of
microbial ecology. Traditionally, microbiologists used timeconsuming cultivation-based …