To address the function of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in mammalian development,
mice with a targeted deletion of the Bmp2 mature region were generated using embryonic …

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is a autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by mutations in
either TSC1 or TSC2, and characterized by benign hamartoma growth. We developed a …

The TOR protein kinases (TOR1 and TOR2 in yeast; mTOR/FRAP/RAFT1 in mammals)
promote cellular proliferation in response to nutrients and growth factors, but their role in …

Much of the predisposition to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer has been attributed to
inherited defects in the BRCA1 tumour-suppressor gene 1 , 2 , 3 . The nuclear protein BRCA1 …

Although aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) is a hallmark of cancer, key questions,
including when, how, and why cancer cells become highly glycolytic, remain less clear. For a …

Mutations of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene are the most commonly detected alterations
in familial breast and ovarian cancer. Although BRCA1 is required for normal mouse …

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is a familial tumor syndrome due to mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, in
which progression to malignancy is rare. Primary Tsc2–/–murine embryo fibroblast cultures …

The receptor tyrosine kinase/PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (RTK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR)
pathway is frequently altered in tumors. Inactivating mutations of either the TSC1 or the …

Background and aims Golgi protein 73 (GP73) as a potential serum marker for hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) has not been validated in large cohort studies. Furthermore, its …

Macrophages acquire distinct phenotypes during tissue stress and inflammatory responses,
but the mechanisms that regulate the macrophage polarization are poorly defined. Here we …