Defective macroautophagy/autophagy and a failure to initiate the adaptive unfolded protein
response (UPR) in response to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to obesity-…

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was initially identified as a receptor that bound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD) and related environmental toxicants; however, there is …

The mouse incisor is a remarkable tooth that grows throughout the animal’s lifetime. This
continuous renewal is fueled by adult epithelial stem cells that give rise to ameloblasts, which …

Background Regeneration of lost periodontium is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy.
Advances in tissue engineering have demonstrated the multilineage potential and plasticity of …

T-box transcription factor TBX1 is the major candidate gene for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS,
DiGeorge syndrome/Velo-cardio-facial syndrome), whose phenotypes include …

SOX2 and OCT4 are key regulators of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. They are overexpressed
in prostate cancers and have been associated with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. …

Background Treatment failures in cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), are most likely
due to the persistence of a minor population of tumor-initiating cells (TICs), which are …

Epithelial signaling centers control epithelial invagination and organ development, but how
these centers are specified remains unclear. We report that Pitx2 (the first transcriptional …

Many cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), retain more cytosolic iron to promote tumor
cell growth and drug resistance. Higher cytosolic iron promotes oxidative damage due to its …

The mechanisms that regulate post-natal growth of the craniofacial complex and that ultimately
determine the size and shape of our faces are not well understood. Hippo signaling is a …