▪ Abstract Breathing is a vital behavior that is particularly amenable to experimental investigation.
We review recent progress on three problems of broad interest. (i) Where and how is …

Recent experiments in vivo and in vitro have advanced our understanding of the sites and
mechanisms involved in mammalian respiratory rhythm generation. Here we evaluate and …

Movement, the fundamental component of behavior and the principal extrinsic action of the
brain, is produced when skeletal muscles contract and relax in response to patterns of action …

Background: Transgender healthcare is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field. In the last
decade, there has been an unprecedented increase in the number and visibility of …

The location of neurons generating the rhythm of breathing in mammals is unknown. By
microsection of the neonatal rat brainstem in vitro, a limited region of the ventral medulla (the pre-…

Protein interaction networks and protein compartmentalization underlie all signaling and
regulatory processes in cells. Enzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling (PL) has emerged as a new …

Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) and μ-opioid receptor (μOR) agonists affected respiratory
rhythm when injected directly into the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), the hypothesized …

As a crystal is disordered, a point may be reached where the typical mean free path of
phonons is so short that the wavelength and mean free path are no longer sharp concepts, and …

… (N Mellen & JL Feldman, personal communication) reflexes in response to lung inflation
can be elicited. The expiratory prolongation requires activation of GABA A receptors (88, 90). …

Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1 through SIRT7) are members of a highly conserved family of NAD
+ -dependent protein deacetylases that function in metabolism, genome maintenance, and …