Background Restless legs syndrome is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder with
potentially severe mental and physical health consequences. Clearer understanding of the …

The healthy microbiota show remarkable variability within and among individuals. In addition
to external exposures, ecological relationships (both oppositional and symbiotic) between …

More than 100,000 genetic variants are reported to cause Mendelian disease in humans,
but the penetrance—the probability that a carrier of the purported disease-causing genotype …

INTRODUCTION Across human societies and in both sexes, some 2 to 10% of individuals
report engaging in sex with same-sex partners, either exclusively or in addition to sex with …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves aberrant airway inflammatory
responses to cigarette smoke (CS) that are associated with epithelial cell dysfunction, cilia …

COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. The
viral spike (S) protein engages the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor …

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows substantial heritability
and is two to seven times more common in male individuals than in female individuals. We …

The benefits of large-scale genetic studies for healthcare of the populations studied are well
documented, but these genetic studies have traditionally ignored people from some parts of …

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are blood cancers that are characterized by the
excessive production of mature myeloid cells and arise from the acquisition of somatic driver …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) that has resulted in a global pandemic. It is a highly contagious …