Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated
guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, …

Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal
homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses …

Cells exposed to extreme physicochemical or mechanical stimuli die in an uncontrollable
manner, as a result of their immediate structural breakdown. Such an unavoidable variant of …

The tumour-necrosis-factor-family molecule osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL; also known as
TRANCE, RANKL and ODF) has been identified as a potential osteoclast differentiation factor …

Mitochondria play a key part in the regulation of apoptosis (cell death) 1 , 2 . Their
intermembrane space contains several proteins that are liberated through the outer membrane in …

The complexity of the human brain has made it difficult to study many brain disorders in model
organisms, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of human brain development. Here …

PTEN is a tumor suppressor with sequence homology to protein tyrosine phosphatases and
the cytoskeletal protein tensin. mPTEN-mutant mouse embryos display regions of increased …

During several months of 2003, a newly identified illness termed severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS) spread rapidly through the world 1, 2, 3. A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV) …

We have previously provided the first genetic evidence that angiotensin converting enzyme
2 (ACE2) is the critical receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-…

… For staining, cells were purified and stained as described [J. Penninger et al., Science 260,
358 (1993)]. For detection of specific TCR V and V,, expression, lymph node T cells (from two …