Coffee, a major dietary source of caffeine, is among the most widely consumed beverages in
the world and has received considerable attention regarding health risks and benefits. We …

Background Earlier studies have suggested that infant feeding may program long-term
changes in cholesterol metabolism. Objective We aimed to examine whether breastfeeding is …

AIMS: Exposure to risk factors in childhood may have long-term influences on vascular structure
and function. This paper reviews recent findings from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young …

Blood pressure is a heritable trait 1 influenced by several biological pathways and responsive
to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (≥140 mm …

Context Exposure to cardiovascular risk factors during childhood and adolescence may be
associated with the development of atherosclerosis later in life. Objective To study the …

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate stability of physical activity from
childhood and adolescence to adulthood in multiple age cohorts, and analyze how well adult …

Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed
the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 …

Background Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency, and both are areas of active
public health concern. We explored the causality and direction of the relationship between …

Dietary patterns are useful in nutritional epidemiology, providing a comprehensive alternative
to the traditional approach based on single nutrients. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young …

Background Obesity in childhood is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain
whether this risk is attenuated in persons who are overweight or obese as children but …