Changes in membrane voltage brought about by ion fluxes through voltage and transmitter-gated
channels represent the basis of neural activity. As such, electrochemical gradients …

Status epilepticus is a life-threatening neurological emergency that affects both adults and
children. Approximately 36% of episodes of status epilepticus do not respond to the current …

… Author links open overlay panel Joseph V Raimondo 1 , Blake A Richards 2 3 , Melanie A
Woodin 3 … JV Raimondo, B. Joyce, L. Kay, T. … JV Raimondo, L. Kay, TJ Ellender, CJ Akerman …

Optogenetic silencing using light-driven ion fluxes permits rapid and effective inhibition of
neural activity. Using rodent hippocampal neurons, we found that silencing activity with a …

Epileptic seizures are characterized by periods of hypersynchronous, hyperexcitability
within brain networks. Most seizures involve two stages: an initial tonic phase, followed by a …

Status epilepticus is defined as a state of unrelenting seizure activity. Generalized convulsive
status epilepticus is associated with a rapidly rising mortality rate, and thus constitutes a …

Seizure-induced release of the neuromodulator adenosine is a potent endogenous
anticonvulsant mechanism, which limits the extension of seizures and mediates seizure arrest. For …

Within the nervous system, intracellular Cl − and pH regulate fundamental processes including
cell proliferation, metabolism, synaptic transmission, and network excitability. Cl − and pH …

Fast synaptic inhibition in the brain is mediated by the pre-synaptic release of the
neurotransmitter γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)and the post-synaptic activation of GABA-sensitive …

Intracellular chloride and pH play fundamental roles in determining a neuron's synaptic
inhibition and excitability. Yet it has been difficult to measure changes in these ions during …