INTRODUCTION A systematic characterization of the humoral response to severe acute
respiratory system coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epitopes has yet to be performed. This analysis …

CD4 + T cells are central mediators of autoimmune pathology; however, defining their key
effector functions in specific autoimmune diseases remains challenging. Pathogenic CD4 + T …

To define the cell populations that drive joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we
applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), mass cytometry, bulk RNA sequencing (…

Objective: Patients with serious traumatic injury and major burns and an animal model of burn
injury were studied to determine the effect of injury on the production of cytokines typical of …

Lupus nephritis is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease for which the current treatment is
ineffective and often toxic. To develop mechanistic hypotheses of disease, we analyzed …

For more than thirty years it has been apparent that serious injury in humans and experimental
animals is associated with a decrease in immune functions dependent upon T cells, the …

Fibroblasts regulate tissue homeostasis, coordinate inflammatory responses, and mediate
tissue damage. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), synovial fibroblasts maintain chronic inflammation …

Antibodies are key immune effectors that confer protection against pathogenic threats. The
nature and longevity of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well defined. …

Severe injury causes a dramatic host response that disrupts immune homeostasis and
predisposes the injured host to opportunistic infections. Because Toll-like receptors (TLRs) …

Research on the immune consequences of shock and trauma by multiple laboratories over
more than 20 years has resulted in the following paradigm, which is currently accepted by …