… tants, called Δ355 or Y338F, that are individually defecLord et al., 1998). However, mice
that lack IL-2 or a … One consequence of IL-2 signaling through Y338 is the induction of Bcl-2 …

THE interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) consists of three distinct chains (α, β, γ) which bind IL-2
and generate a proliferative signal in T cells 1 . To define the mechanism of receptor activation…

Most, if not all, cytokines activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K). Although many
cytokine receptors have direct binding sites for the p85 subunit of PI-3K, others, such as the …

Studies assessing the role of Stat5 in the IL-2 proliferative signal have produced contradictory,
and thus inconclusive, results. One factor confounding many of these studies is the ability …

Hyaluronan is a glycosaminoglycan present in the extracellular matrix. When hyaluronan is
degraded during infection and injury, low mw forms are generated whose interactions …

We describe a role for ECM as a biosensor for inflammatory microenvironments that plays a
critical role in peripheral immune tolerance. We show that hyaluronan (HA) promotes …

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only effective treatment for end‐stage liver disease
due to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Recurrence of PSC has recently emerged as …

Ipilimumab is a humanized antibody to CTLA4 and is used to treat cancers refractory to
conventional treatment. We treated 21 patients with refractory melanoma or prostate cancer with …

Type 2 inflammation is associated with epithelial cell responses, including goblet cell hyperplasia,
that promote worm expulsion during intestinal helminth infection. How these epithelial …

Since their discovery two decades ago, CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have
become the subject of intense investigation by immunologists. Unlike other T cells, which …