ABSTRACT. Animal models and human studies have been useful in dissecting the molecular
mechanisms of renal disease and finding new disease targets; however, translation of …

Drug‐induced liver injury ( DILI ) is a major challenge in clinical medicine and drug
development. New models are needed for predicting which potential therapeutic compounds will …

Over the last decade, there has been increasing research interest in urinary exosomes and
their relationship with kidney physiology and disease. Protocols for isolating urinary …

Urine is commonly used for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. The discovery of
extracellular vesicles (EV) in urine opened a new fast‐growing scientific field. In the last decade …

Urinary exosomes containing apical membrane and intracellular fluid are normally secreted
into the urine from all nephron segments, and may carry protein markers of renal dysfunction …

New biomarkers of liver injury are required in the clinic and in preclinical pharmaceutical
evaluation. Previous studies demonstrate that two liver‐enriched microRNAs (miR‐122 and miR…

Background Exosomes are released from multiple cell types, contain protein and RNA species,
and have been exploited as a novel reservoir for disease biomarker discovery. They can …

Currently, no blood biomarker that specifically indicates injury to the proximal tubule of the
kidney has been identified. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is highly upregulated in proximal …

Acetaminophen overdose is a common reason for hospital admission and the most frequent
cause of hepatotoxicity in the Western world. Early identification would facilitate patient‐…

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Full length keratin-18 (FL-K18) and High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1)
represent circulating indicators of necrosis during acetaminophen (APAP) …